acetazolamide 🐶 Veterinary Use | Indications/Contra | FAERs-F | FAERs-M | Orange Bk | PK/Tox | Related Drugs | BioActivity |

Stem definitionDrug idCAS RN
56 59-66-5

Description:

MoleculeDescription

Molfile Inchi Smiles

Synonyms:

  • acetazolamide
  • acetamox
  • acetazolamid
  • cidamex
  • nephramide
  • acetazolamide sodium
One of the CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS that is sometimes effective against absence seizures. It is sometimes useful also as an adjunct in the treatment of tonic-clonic, myoclonic, and atonic seizures, particularly in women whose seizures occur or are exacerbated at specific times in the menstrual cycle. However, its usefulness is transient often because of rapid development of tolerance. Its antiepileptic effect may be due to its inhibitory effect on brain carbonic anhydrase, which leads to an increased transneuronal chloride gradient, increased chloride current, and increased inhibition. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1991, p337)
  • Molecular weight: 222.24
  • Formula: C4H6N4O3S2
  • CLOGP: -0.98
  • LIPINSKI: 0
  • HAC: 7
  • HDO: 2
  • TPSA: 115.04
  • ALOGS: -1.90
  • ROTB: 2
  • Status: OFP
    • Legend:
    OFP - off patent
    OFM - off market
    ONP - on patent

Drug dosage:

DoseUnitRoute
0.75 g O
0.75 g P

ADMET properties:

PropertyValueReference
BDDCS (Biopharmaceutical Drug Disposition Classification System) 3 Bocci G, Oprea TI, Benet LZ
S (Water solubility) 0.64 mg/mL Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
EoM (Fraction excreted unchanged in urine) 90 % Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
MRTD (Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Daily Dose) 75.14 µM/kg/day Contrera JF, Matthews EJ, Kruhlak NL, Benz RD
BA (Bioavailability) 99 % Kim MT, Sedykh A, Chakravarti SK, Saiakhov RD, Zhu H
Vd (Volume of distribution) 0.37 L/kg Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
CL (Clearance) 0.65 mL/min/kg Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
fu (Fraction unbound in plasma) 0.04 % Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
t_half (Half-life) 13 hours Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS

Predicted pharmacokinetic/toxicological properties (PK-AZ):

PropertyDescriptionValueUnitConfidenceSimilarity
kinase-safety-class ACVR2A,ACVR2B,AURKA,AXL,BRAF,CAMK2B,CAMK2D,CDK5,CDK9,DDR1,DYRK1B,EIF2AK3,ERBB2,FLT3,GRK2,ITK,MAP3K1,MAP3K21,MAPK10,MAPK7,MARK4,MTOR,PDK1,PDK2,PIK3CA,PIK3CD,PIK3CG,PRKDC,SIK2,STK33,TEK 31
kinase-selectivity-class DYRK1B,GRK2,MAPK7,PDK1 4
pfas-class PFAS structural alert (1 = True, 0 = False) 0

Approvals:

DateAgencyCompanyOrphan
July 27, 1953 FDA TEVA BRANDED PHARM

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Female)

MedDRA adverse event termLikelihood ratioLikelihood ratio thresholdPatients taking drug having adverse eventPatients taking drug not having adverse eventPatients not taking drug having adverse eventPatients not taking drug not having adverse event
Metabolic acidosis 184.27 16.01 104 11266 55572 90561505
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension 176.77 16.01 48 11322 3533 90613544
Angle closure glaucoma 169.36 16.01 44 11326 2731 90614346
Intraocular pressure increased 148.41 16.01 49 11321 7044 90610033
Off label use 142.97 16.01 378 10992 1101874 89515203
Papilloedema 142.89 16.01 43 11327 4572 90612505
Hair follicle tumour benign 135.44 16.01 26 11344 392 90616685
Choroidal effusion 107.90 16.01 24 11346 765 90616312
Intracranial pressure increased 103.33 16.01 37 11333 6774 90610303
Hypokalaemia 102.73 16.01 103 11267 131013 90486064
Choroidal detachment 100.02 16.01 19 11351 270 90616807
Glaucoma 80.26 16.01 43 11327 20712 90596365
Sickle cell anaemia with crisis 79.15 16.01 31 11339 7266 90609811
Drug ineffective for unapproved indication 76.81 16.01 65 11305 66579 90550498
Drug ineffective 74.69 16.01 356 11014 1383942 89233135
Intellectual disability 62.35 16.01 17 11353 1269 90615808
Complications of bone marrow transplant 57.18 16.01 13 11357 458 90616619
Hydrocephalus 56.08 16.01 23 11347 6071 90611006
Fat embolism syndrome 55.91 16.01 9 11361 44 90617033
Corneal oedema 55.78 16.01 17 11353 1884 90615193
Photophobia 55.24 16.01 34 11336 21235 90595842
Dysphoria 52.49 16.01 22 11348 6132 90610945
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma 52.36 16.01 13 11357 671 90616406
Non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema 49.34 16.01 14 11356 1210 90615867
Visual impairment 48.89 16.01 71 11299 132294 90484783
Haemorrhagic diathesis 47.96 16.01 20 11350 5504 90611573
Retinal detachment 47.08 16.01 21 11349 6801 90610276
Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis 46.37 16.01 26 11344 13677 90603400
Macular detachment 43.06 16.01 8 11362 100 90616977
Meningitis 42.71 16.01 21 11349 8460 90608617
Symptom masked 42.61 16.01 12 11358 1009 90616068
Appetite disorder 41.24 16.01 21 11349 9112 90607965
Flat anterior chamber of eye 40.86 16.01 7 11363 53 90617024
Oral pain 39.96 16.01 33 11337 32650 90584427
Aggression 39.18 16.01 30 11340 26638 90590439
Disseminated blastomycosis 38.42 16.01 7 11363 78 90616999
Arthritis infective 37.91 16.01 19 11351 7973 90609104
Brain stem microhaemorrhage 37.86 16.01 6 11364 26 90617051
Hypotony of eye 37.10 16.01 8 11362 220 90616857
Cerebellar microhaemorrhage 36.99 16.01 6 11364 31 90617046
Secondary adrenocortical insufficiency 36.70 16.01 13 11357 2305 90614772
Skin warm 35.66 16.01 18 11352 7669 90609408
Drug clearance decreased 35.28 16.01 12 11358 1886 90615191
Numb chin syndrome 35.19 16.01 6 11364 44 90617033
Hypercapnia 35.03 16.01 17 11353 6660 90610417
Visual field defect 33.89 16.01 17 11353 7149 90609928
Thinking abnormal 31.09 16.01 19 11351 11713 90605364
Vision blurred 30.74 16.01 52 11318 110241 90506836
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis 28.99 16.01 11 11359 2365 90614712
Lens dislocation 28.83 16.01 5 11365 41 90617036
Ophthalmic vein thrombosis 28.53 16.01 7 11363 344 90616733
Uveitis 28.11 16.01 20 11350 15883 90601194
Iridocyclitis 27.62 16.01 12 11358 3649 90613428
Infusion related reaction 27.54 16.01 9 11361 416771 90200306
Myopia 27.45 16.01 10 11360 1922 90615155
Acute respiratory failure 26.94 16.01 30 11340 42888 90574189
Retinopathy haemorrhagic 26.93 16.01 4 11366 10 90617067
Persecutory delusion 25.80 16.01 11 11359 3197 90613880
Cerebrospinal fluid leakage 25.62 16.01 9 11361 1558 90615519
Hallucination 25.24 16.01 36 11334 65923 90551154
Product contamination microbial 24.75 16.01 6 11364 280 90616797
Lactic acidosis 24.60 16.01 31 11339 50432 90566645
Tenderness 24.56 16.01 23 11347 26845 90590232
Swelling 24.44 16.01 11 11359 419047 90198030
Retroperitoneal oedema 24.16 16.01 4 11366 24 90617053
Discomfort 24.14 16.01 3 11367 274332 90342745
Arthropathy 24.03 16.01 8 11362 366234 90250843
Nephrocalcinosis 23.73 16.01 8 11362 1224 90615853
Psychiatric decompensation 23.73 16.01 9 11361 1934 90615143
Pericarditis 23.66 16.01 3 11367 270148 90346929
Osteopenia 23.58 16.01 21 11349 22981 90594096
Hepatic enzyme increased 23.46 16.01 8 11362 360728 90256349
Meningitis aseptic 23.32 16.01 13 11357 6760 90610317
Joint space narrowing 23.29 16.01 7 11363 740 90616337
Hyphaema 23.28 16.01 6 11364 360 90616717
Transmission of an infectious agent via product 23.07 16.01 5 11365 141 90616936
Myasthenic syndrome 22.88 16.01 6 11364 386 90616691
Blindness 22.87 16.01 22 11348 26546 90590531
CSF pressure increased 22.77 16.01 5 11365 150 90616927
Sneezing 22.50 16.01 23 11347 29846 90587231
Toxic leukoencephalopathy 22.37 16.01 7 11363 846 90616231
Therapy partial responder 22.35 16.01 20 11350 22023 90595054
Peripheral swelling 22.34 16.01 12 11358 413094 90203983
Systemic lupus erythematosus 21.90 16.01 9 11361 361887 90255190
Malignant glaucoma 21.87 16.01 3 11367 3 90617074
Encephalopathy 21.80 16.01 28 11342 46416 90570661
Diplopia 21.43 16.01 22 11348 28692 90588385
Visual acuity reduced 21.32 16.01 20 11350 23390 90593687
Product use in unapproved indication 21.25 16.01 91 11279 336145 90280932
Iris neovascularisation 21.25 16.01 4 11366 54 90617023
Glossodynia 21.15 16.01 7 11363 321772 90295305
Short stature 20.82 16.01 7 11363 1063 90616014
Hypersensitivity 20.78 16.01 16 11354 454661 90162416
Cross sensitivity reaction 20.37 16.01 9 11361 2848 90614229
Cerebral microhaemorrhage 20.37 16.01 5 11365 246 90616831
Therapeutic product effect decreased 20.16 16.01 5 11365 277566 90339511
Dropped head syndrome 20.10 16.01 5 11365 260 90616817
Cataract 20.10 16.01 34 11336 72058 90545019
Ocular surface disease 20.06 16.01 4 11366 74 90617003
Psychotic disorder 19.89 16.01 22 11348 31208 90585869
Eye pain 19.75 16.01 26 11344 44142 90572935
Therapy non-responder 19.64 16.01 49 11321 136655 90480422
Mobility decreased 19.24 16.01 4 11366 250730 90366347
Somatostatin receptor scan abnormal 19.13 16.01 3 11367 12 90617065
Multiple-drug resistance 19.10 16.01 12 11358 7764 90609313
Retinal pigmentation 18.92 16.01 4 11366 100 90616977
Meningitis fungal 18.92 16.01 4 11366 100 90616977
Ocular pemphigoid 18.80 16.01 4 11366 103 90616974
Respiratory alkalosis 18.75 16.01 9 11361 3439 90613638
Optic atrophy 18.23 16.01 7 11363 1554 90615523
Hyperventilation 18.09 16.01 11 11359 6717 90610360
Acidosis 17.99 16.01 14 11356 12722 90604355
Nasal flaring 17.98 16.01 3 11367 19 90617058
Acidosis hyperchloraemic 17.91 16.01 6 11364 900 90616177
Corneal opacity 17.88 16.01 6 11364 905 90616172
Contraindicated product administered 17.75 16.01 9 11361 320130 90296947
Iris adhesions 17.74 16.01 5 11365 422 90616655
Retinal vascular occlusion 17.58 16.01 5 11365 436 90616641
Vitreous disorder 17.56 16.01 4 11366 142 90616935
Renal impairment 17.53 16.01 40 11330 105381 90511696
Hypertension 17.46 16.01 19 11351 457513 90159564
Condition aggravated 17.41 16.01 131 11239 595414 90021663
Histology abnormal 17.30 16.01 4 11366 152 90616925
Optic disc haemorrhage 17.15 16.01 4 11366 158 90616919
Optic neuritis 16.71 16.01 12 11358 9666 90607411
Acute chest syndrome 16.52 16.01 6 11364 1142 90615935
Conjunctival hyperaemia 16.42 16.01 8 11362 3161 90613916
Stomatitis 16.34 16.01 7 11363 274691 90342386
Presyncope 16.24 16.01 20 11350 31785 90585292
Alkalosis 16.19 16.01 5 11365 579 90616498
Hypophosphataemia 16.10 16.01 14 11356 14840 90602237
Bacterial endophthalmitis 16.10 16.01 4 11366 207 90616870
Ocular discomfort 16.07 16.01 10 11360 6360 90610717

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Male)

MedDRA adverse event termLikelihood ratioLikelihood ratio thresholdPatients taking drug having adverse eventPatients taking drug not having adverse eventPatients not taking drug having adverse eventPatients not taking drug not having adverse event
Choroidal effusion 195.05 19.06 34 6175 244 42614882
Intraocular pressure increased 182.47 19.06 58 6151 6375 42608751
Metabolic acidosis 151.15 19.06 94 6115 51764 42563362
Choroidal detachment 148.46 19.06 30 6179 510 42614616
Angle closure glaucoma 90.98 19.06 23 6186 1099 42614027
Toxic epidermal necrolysis 89.43 19.06 53 6156 26697 42588429
Off label use 75.62 19.06 233 5976 638102 41977024
Hypotony maculopathy 68.49 19.06 11 6198 44 42615082
Corneal oedema 61.09 19.06 18 6191 1530 42613596
Acute myopia 59.99 19.06 9 6200 20 42615106
Drug ineffective 56.72 19.06 210 5999 629987 41985139
Hyphaema 54.64 19.06 14 6195 706 42614420
Visual acuity reduced 54.04 19.06 33 6176 17517 42597609
Drug ineffective for unapproved indication 51.24 19.06 47 6162 46116 42569010
Intraocular pressure decreased 49.13 19.06 9 6200 88 42615038
Congenital emphysema 47.01 19.06 6 6203 0 42615126
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms 47.01 19.06 43 6166 42032 42573094
Glaucoma 43.20 19.06 22 6187 8226 42606900
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive 42.84 19.06 18 6191 4347 42610779
Mycotic allergy 40.87 19.06 18 6191 4873 42610253
Conjunctivitis allergic 40.67 19.06 19 6190 5892 42609234
Mite allergy 40.33 19.06 18 6191 5028 42610098
Dust allergy 39.38 19.06 18 6191 5314 42609812
Spirometry abnormal 36.83 19.06 17 6192 5129 42609997
Neuritis 36.73 19.06 18 6191 6202 42608924
Pulmonary vasculitis 36.61 19.06 18 6191 6248 42608878
Neurological symptom 36.54 19.06 21 6188 9970 42605156
Total lung capacity abnormal 35.99 19.06 16 6193 4427 42610699
Ocular surface disease 35.27 19.06 7 6202 108 42615018
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis 33.86 19.06 19 6190 8619 42606507
Forced expiratory volume decreased 33.26 19.06 18 6191 7612 42607514
Crystalluria 30.82 19.06 9 6200 741 42614385
Normochromic normocytic anaemia 30.43 19.06 18 6191 9013 42606113
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension 29.92 19.06 9 6200 821 42614305
Bacterial endophthalmitis 28.71 19.06 6 6203 121 42615005
Condition aggravated 28.50 19.06 93 6116 260661 42354465
Iridocyclitis 28.17 19.06 11 6198 2200 42612926
Burkholderia test positive 27.83 19.06 9 6200 1041 42614085
Acute kidney injury 27.58 19.06 116 6093 367221 42247905
Corneal opacity 27.41 19.06 8 6201 657 42614469
Ocular hypertension 27.10 19.06 9 6200 1132 42613994
Vitreous haemorrhage 25.86 19.06 11 6198 2736 42612390
Respiratory acidosis 25.02 19.06 14 6195 6317 42608809
Hypochloraemia 24.74 19.06 8 6201 925 42614201
Respiratory symptom 24.62 19.06 17 6192 11089 42604037
Capillaritis 24.61 19.06 10 6199 2218 42612908
Pulmonary alveolar haemorrhage 24.51 19.06 19 6190 14797 42600329
Retinopathy 24.38 19.06 10 6199 2271 42612855
Hypoxia 23.67 19.06 39 6170 69747 42545379
Optic neuropathy 23.45 19.06 10 6199 2502 42612624
Visual impairment 23.24 19.06 30 6179 43083 42572043
Intracranial pressure increased 23.12 19.06 12 6197 4662 42610464
Acidosis hyperchloraemic 22.91 19.06 7 6202 673 42614453
Trabeculectomy 22.90 19.06 4 6205 29 42615097
Nodule 22.77 19.06 17 6192 12517 42602609
Arteriosclerosis coronary artery 22.64 19.06 20 6189 18657 42596469
Product contamination microbial 22.23 19.06 7 6202 743 42614383
Retinopathy sickle cell 21.42 19.06 3 6206 3 42615123
Punctate keratitis 21.29 19.06 6 6203 435 42614691
Arteriosclerosis 21.28 19.06 19 6190 17970 42597156
Transmission of an infectious agent via product 21.01 19.06 5 6204 185 42614941
Cavernous sinus thrombosis 20.99 19.06 5 6204 186 42614940
Corneal decompensation 20.94 19.06 4 6205 50 42615076
Photocoagulation 20.79 19.06 4 6205 52 42615074
Uveal melanoma 20.21 19.06 3 6206 6 42615120
Eye pain 20.17 19.06 18 6191 17012 42598114
Vision blurred 19.55 19.06 31 6178 53668 42561458
Blindness 19.33 19.06 18 6191 17960 42597166

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Geriatric)

MedDRA adverse event termLikelihood ratioLikelihood ratio thresholdPatients taking drug having adverse eventPatients taking drug not having adverse eventPatients not taking drug having adverse eventPatients not taking drug not having adverse event
Intraocular pressure increased 271.44 15.35 89 16006 10787 110562417
Choroidal effusion 265.97 15.35 53 16042 837 110572367
Choroidal detachment 261.21 15.35 51 16044 721 110572483
Angle closure glaucoma 245.99 15.35 64 16031 3435 110569769
Metabolic acidosis 243.99 15.35 162 15933 99582 110473622
Off label use 193.38 15.35 564 15531 1499621 109073583
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension 165.01 15.35 48 16047 3904 110569300
Hair follicle tumour benign 135.32 15.35 27 16068 429 110572775
Papilloedema 127.79 15.35 46 16049 7363 110565841
Drug ineffective 123.09 15.35 490 15605 1520050 109053154
Corneal oedema 108.38 15.35 33 16062 3140 110570064
Intracranial pressure increased 105.29 15.35 44 16051 10491 110562713
Hypokalaemia 104.98 15.35 131 15964 182317 110390887
Drug ineffective for unapproved indication 101.34 15.35 98 15997 102740 110470464
Glaucoma 86.88 15.35 49 16046 22468 110550736
Hypotony maculopathy 80.52 15.35 12 16083 25 110573179
Toxic epidermal necrolysis 77.48 15.35 65 16030 56662 110516542
Hyphaema 76.60 15.35 20 16075 1087 110572117
Photophobia 65.69 15.35 43 16052 25728 110547476
Acute myopia 59.71 15.35 12 16083 198 110573006
Visual acuity reduced 59.31 15.35 44 16051 32129 110541075
Non-cardiogenic pulmonary oedema 56.69 15.35 18 16077 1966 110571238
Visual impairment 56.64 15.35 83 16012 134345 110438859
Ocular surface disease 55.23 15.35 11 16084 173 110573031
Sickle cell anaemia with crisis 54.52 15.35 27 16068 9518 110563686
Complications of bone marrow transplant 50.94 15.35 13 16082 645 110572559
Hypercapnia 50.54 15.35 27 16068 11132 110562072
Intellectual disability 48.57 15.35 16 16079 1963 110571241
Transmission of an infectious agent via product 48.18 15.35 10 16085 195 110573009
Hydrocephalus 46.70 15.35 25 16070 10350 110562854
Hepatosplenic T-cell lymphoma 45.46 15.35 13 16082 994 110572210
Dysphoria 45.28 15.35 21 16074 6407 110566797
Fat embolism syndrome 45.16 15.35 9 16086 142 110573062
Retinal detachment 45.11 15.35 25 16070 11075 110562129
Product contamination microbial 44.40 15.35 13 16082 1081 110572123
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms 44.07 15.35 57 16038 82038 110491166
Bacterial endophthalmitis 43.08 15.35 10 16085 332 110572872
Corneal opacity 42.68 15.35 13 16082 1238 110571966
Retinopathy 42.59 15.35 18 16077 4411 110568793
Visual field defect 41.80 15.35 23 16072 10049 110563155
Macular detachment 40.42 15.35 9 16086 247 110572957
Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody positive 40.23 15.35 18 16077 5058 110568146
Vision blurred 39.66 15.35 69 16026 128953 110444251
Acidosis hyperchloraemic 39.64 15.35 13 16082 1573 110571631
Myopia 38.78 15.35 14 16081 2257 110570947
Flat anterior chamber of eye 38.21 15.35 8 16087 163 110573041
Mite allergy 37.92 15.35 18 16077 5785 110567419
Conjunctivitis allergic 37.80 15.35 19 16076 6912 110566292
Mycotic allergy 37.48 15.35 18 16077 5936 110567268
Dust allergy 37.35 15.35 18 16077 5983 110567221
Intraocular pressure decreased 37.33 15.35 8 16087 183 110573021
Drug clearance decreased 37.14 15.35 16 16079 4106 110569098
Appetite disorder 36.98 15.35 21 16074 9748 110563456
Brain stem microhaemorrhage 36.61 15.35 6 16089 28 110573176
Haemorrhagic diathesis 36.36 15.35 19 16076 7489 110565715
Iridocyclitis 36.03 15.35 17 16078 5391 110567813
Pulmonary vasculitis 35.82 15.35 18 16077 6542 110566662
Spirometry abnormal 35.77 15.35 17 16078 5480 110567724
Total lung capacity abnormal 35.52 15.35 16 16079 4567 110568637
Vitreous haemorrhage 35.39 15.35 16 16079 4604 110568600
Hypotony of eye 34.89 15.35 9 16086 466 110572738
Neurological symptom 34.87 15.35 24 16071 15584 110557620
Ophthalmic vein thrombosis 34.84 15.35 8 16087 253 110572951
Cerebellar microhaemorrhage 34.67 15.35 6 16089 41 110573163
Blindness 34.57 15.35 34 16061 36325 110536879
Numb chin syndrome 33.95 15.35 6 16089 47 110573157
Neuritis 33.78 15.35 18 16077 7381 110565823
Symptom masked 33.56 15.35 12 16083 1883 110571321
Condition aggravated 33.05 15.35 201 15894 734635 109838569
Meningitis 30.98 15.35 20 16075 11682 110561522
Eye pain 30.42 15.35 37 16058 50062 110523142
Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis 30.12 15.35 19 16076 10667 110562537
Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis 29.93 15.35 25 16070 21639 110551565
Crystalluria 29.46 15.35 10 16085 1345 110571859
Forced expiratory volume decreased 28.82 15.35 20 16075 13156 110560048
Acute chest syndrome 28.71 15.35 11 16084 2092 110571112
Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis 28.62 15.35 12 16083 2883 110570321
Arthritis infective 28.04 15.35 18 16077 10411 110562793
Respiratory acidosis 27.95 15.35 20 16075 13806 110559398
Retinal vascular occlusion 27.87 15.35 8 16087 620 110572584
Malignant glaucoma 27.68 15.35 4 16091 6 110573198
Skin warm 27.60 15.35 17 16078 9153 110564051
Iris adhesions 27.49 15.35 8 16087 651 110572553
Ocular hypertension 27.27 15.35 11 16084 2397 110570807
Acidosis 27.06 15.35 24 16071 22507 110550697
Secondary adrenocortical insufficiency 26.69 15.35 13 16082 4421 110568783
Normochromic normocytic anaemia 26.66 15.35 19 16076 13038 110560166
Metabolic alkalosis 26.64 15.35 14 16081 5581 110567623
Oral pain 26.64 15.35 30 16065 37414 110535790
Trabeculectomy 26.29 15.35 5 16090 61 110573143
Somnolence 26.28 15.35 99 15996 297350 110275854
Lens dislocation 26.28 15.35 6 16089 185 110573019
Product use in unapproved indication 25.83 15.35 131 15964 447246 110125958
Uveitis 25.83 15.35 23 16072 21687 110551517
Therapy non-responder 25.78 15.35 65 16030 157242 110415962
Disseminated blastomycosis 25.25 15.35 7 16088 478 110572726
Infusion related reaction 25.16 15.35 12 16083 381150 110192054
Retinopathy sickle cell 25.14 15.35 5 16090 78 110573126
Hypocapnia 24.84 15.35 8 16087 914 110572290
Hepatic enzyme increased 24.63 15.35 8 16087 320884 110252320
Arthropathy 24.23 15.35 6 16089 287516 110285688
Endophthalmitis 24.19 15.35 15 16080 8172 110565032
Multiple-drug resistance 24.16 15.35 18 16077 13217 110559987
Retroperitoneal oedema 24.01 15.35 4 16091 21 110573183
Capillaritis 23.74 15.35 10 16085 2429 110570775
Retinopathy haemorrhagic 23.69 15.35 5 16090 106 110573098
Therapy partial responder 23.52 15.35 28 16067 37033 110536171
Peripheral swelling 23.37 15.35 15 16080 404019 110169185
Punctate keratitis 22.75 15.35 8 16087 1196 110572008
Drug resistance 22.56 15.35 34 16061 56340 110516864
Thinking abnormal 22.02 15.35 18 16077 15122 110558082
Vitreous disorder 22.01 15.35 6 16089 385 110572819
Encephalopathy 21.90 15.35 41 16054 81014 110492190
Meningitis aseptic 21.63 15.35 15 16080 9855 110563349
Anterior chamber disorder 21.54 15.35 5 16090 166 110573038
Osteopenia 21.54 15.35 21 16074 22188 110551016
Joint space narrowing 21.40 15.35 7 16088 840 110572364
Pulmonary alveolar haemorrhage 21.34 15.35 20 16075 20130 110553074
Neurological decompensation 21.33 15.35 13 16082 6870 110566334
Aggression 21.31 15.35 34 16061 59176 110514028
Respiratory alkalosis 20.85 15.35 12 16083 5709 110567495
Diplopia 20.80 15.35 28 16067 41866 110531338
Therapeutic product effect decreased 20.78 15.35 5 16090 244311 110328893
Photocoagulation 20.72 15.35 4 16091 53 110573151
Neutropenia 20.21 15.35 15 16080 374605 110198599
Respiratory symptom 20.14 15.35 17 16078 14928 110558276
Corneal disorder 19.91 15.35 9 16086 2588 110570616
Optic disc haemorrhage 19.71 15.35 5 16090 242 110572962
Loss of consciousness 19.59 15.35 68 16027 196238 110376966
Nephrocalcinosis 19.56 15.35 8 16087 1806 110571398
Hypersensitivity 19.54 15.35 18 16077 403980 110169224
CSF pressure increased 19.25 15.35 5 16090 266 110572938
Burkholderia test positive 19.24 15.35 6 16089 618 110572586
Discomfort 19.05 15.35 4 16091 214703 110358501
Acute respiratory failure 19.01 15.35 37 16058 75223 110497981
Swelling 19.01 15.35 14 16081 351027 110222177
Corneal decompensation 18.90 15.35 4 16091 86 110573118
Prostaglandin analogue periorbitopathy 18.89 15.35 3 16092 11 110573193
Impaired healing 18.88 15.35 3 16092 196714 110376490
Cataract 18.78 15.35 38 16057 79447 110493757
Cataract subcapsular 18.67 15.35 7 16088 1254 110571950
Eye disorder 18.61 15.35 22 16073 28884 110544320
Sinusitis 18.59 15.35 10 16085 296678 110276526
Treatment noncompliance 18.58 15.35 36 16059 72954 110500250
Tenderness 18.29 15.35 22 16073 29415 110543789
Cerebrospinal fluid leakage 18.25 15.35 8 16087 2140 110571064
Somatostatin receptor scan abnormal 18.13 15.35 3 16092 15 110573189
Conjunctival hyperaemia 18.03 15.35 11 16084 5820 110567384
Arteriosclerosis coronary artery 17.65 15.35 20 16075 25098 110548106
Acute kidney injury 17.65 15.35 155 15940 635275 109937929
Optic neuropathy 17.59 15.35 10 16085 4648 110568556
Blood cholesterol increased 17.33 15.35 3 16092 184782 110388422
Hypertension 17.12 15.35 30 16065 510054 110063150
Menometrorrhagia 17.04 15.35 6 16089 900 110572304
Sneezing 16.83 15.35 22 16073 31962 110541242
Cavernous sinus thrombosis 16.52 15.35 5 16090 466 110572738
Cerebral microhaemorrhage 16.52 15.35 5 16090 466 110572738
Brain stem haematoma 16.51 15.35 4 16091 160 110573044
Ocular discomfort 16.47 15.35 12 16083 8521 110564683
Drug abuse 16.38 15.35 3 16092 177408 110395796
Cystoid macular oedema 16.23 15.35 8 16087 2792 110570412
Arteriosclerosis 16.20 15.35 19 16076 24748 110548456
Visual acuity tests abnormal 16.16 15.35 4 16091 175 110573029
Intraventricular haemorrhage 16.04 15.35 10 16085 5497 110567707
Hyperventilation 15.96 15.35 12 16083 8935 110564269
Dropped head syndrome 15.77 15.35 5 16090 543 110572661
Keratic precipitates 15.70 15.35 5 16090 551 110572653
Open angle glaucoma 15.54 15.35 5 16090 569 110572635

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Pediatric)

None

Pharmacologic Action:

SourceCodeDescription
ATC S01EC01 SENSORY ORGANS
OPHTHALMOLOGICALS
ANTIGLAUCOMA PREPARATIONS AND MIOTICS
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
FDA CS M0020790 Sulfonamides
FDA MoA N0000000235 Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
FDA EPC N0000175517 Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitor
MeSH PA D000927 Anticonvulsants
MeSH PA D002257 Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors
MeSH PA D004232 Diuretics
MeSH PA D004791 Enzyme Inhibitors
MeSH PA D045283 Natriuretic Agents
CHEBI has role CHEBI:23018 EC 4.2.1.1 (carbonic anhydrase) inhibitor
CHEBI has role CHEBI:33282 antibacterial agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35476 antipsychotic agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35480 analgesic
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35498 diuretic
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35526 hypoglycemic agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35554 cardiovascular drug
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35610 antineoplastic agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35623 anticonvulsant
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35674 antihypertensive agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35705 immunosuppressive agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:39456 antiglaucoma drug
CHEBI has role CHEBI:50514 vasoconstrictor agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:66981 ophthalmology drug
CHEBI has role CHEBI:231911 renoprotective agent

Related Drugs by ATC class:

S01EC Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors 4 drugs
brinzolamidedichlorphenamidedorzolamidemethazolamide

Drug Use | Suggest Off label Use Form| |View source of the data|

DiseaseRelationSNOMED_IDDOID
Malignant glaucoma indication 10100008
Anoxia due to high altitude indication 42883007
Absence seizure indication 79631006
Open-angle glaucoma indication 84494001 DOID:1067
Secondary glaucoma indication 95717004
Edema indication 267038008
Peripheral edema indication 271809000
Angle-closure glaucoma indication 392291006 DOID:13550
Peripheral Edema due to Chronic Heart Failure indication
Metabolic alkalosis off-label use 1388004
Myoclonic seizure off-label use 37356005
Idiopathic intracranial hypertension off-label use 68267002 DOID:11459
Benign intracranial hypertension off-label use 68267002 DOID:11459
Familial hypokalemic periodic paralysis off-label use 82732003 DOID:14452
Epilepsy off-label use 84757009 DOID:1826
Obstructive hydrocephalus off-label use 230746009 DOID:14159
Familial periodic paralysis off-label use 267607008 DOID:1029
Tonic-clonic epilepsy off-label use 352818000 DOID:7725
Simple partial seizure off-label use 117891000119100
Urine Alkalinization off-label use
Hydrocephalus due to Intraventricular Hemorrhage off-label use
Mixed Epilepsy off-label use
Renal tubular acidosis contraindication 1776003 DOID:14219
Respiratory acidosis contraindication 12326000
Hyperkalemia contraindication 14140009
Metabolic acidosis, normal anion gap, acidifying salts contraindication 18104000
Diabetes mellitus type 2 contraindication 44054006 DOID:9352
Diabetes mellitus type 1 contraindication 46635009 DOID:9744
Acute nephropathy contraindication 58574008
Hepatic failure contraindication 59927004
Decreased respiratory function contraindication 80954004
Hyponatremia contraindication 89627008
Gout contraindication 90560007 DOID:13189
Kidney disease contraindication 90708001 DOID:557
Disease of blood AND/OR blood-forming organ contraindication 191124002 DOID:74
Disease of liver contraindication 235856003 DOID:409
Disorder of electrolytes contraindication 237840007
Primary adrenocortical insufficiency contraindication 373662000
Recurrent Calcium Renal Calculi contraindication




🐶 Veterinary Drug Use

SpeciesUseRelation
Dogs Mild congestive heart failure Indication
Dogs Rapid reduction of intraocular pressure Indication

🐶 Veterinary products

ProductApplicantIngredients
Vetamox Soluble Powder Zoetis Inc. 1

Acid dissociation constants calculated using MoKa v3.0.0

Dissociation levelDissociation constantType (acidic/basic)
pKa1 8.04 acidic
pKa2 9.21 acidic
pKa3 1.84 Basic

Orange Book patent data (new drug applications)

None

Orange Book exclusivity data (new drug applications)

None

Bioactivity Summary:

TargetClassPharosUniProtActionTypeActivity value
(-log[M])		Mechanism
action		Bioact sourceMoA source
Carbonic anhydrase 12 Enzyme INHIBITOR Ki 8.60 CHEMBL CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase 1 Enzyme INHIBITOR Ki 7.92 CHEMBL CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase 4 Enzyme INHIBITOR Ki 7.96 CHEMBL CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase 2 Enzyme INHIBITOR Ki 8.48 CHEMBL CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase 5A, mitochondrial Enzyme Ki 7.22 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase 5B, mitochondrial Enzyme Ki 7.27 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase 7 Enzyme Ki 8.60 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase 3 Enzyme Ki 8.51 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase 6 Enzyme Ki 7.96 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase 14 Enzyme Ki 7.39 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase 13 Enzyme Ki 8.24 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase Enzyme Ki 9.10 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase V Enzyme Ki 8.74 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase-related protein 11 Enzyme Ki 8.24 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase 9 Enzyme Ki 8.05 CHEMBL
Aquaporin-1 Transporter WOMBAT-PK
Carbonic anhydrase Enzyme Ki 7.70 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase 13 Enzyme Ki 7.77 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase 4 Enzyme Ki 7.15 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase 7 Enzyme Ki 7.80 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase Enzyme Ki 7.22 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase Enzyme Ki 4.92 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase 15 Enzyme Ki 7.14 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase Enzyme Ki 7.09 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase Enzyme Ki 7.40 CHEMBL
Probable transmembrane carbonic anhydrase (Carbonate dehydratase) (Carbonic dehydratase); Transmembrane carbonic anhydrase Enzyme Ki 7.92 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase Enzyme Ki 7.96 CHEMBL
Alpha carbonic anhydrase Enzyme Ki 7.80 CHEMBL
Endochitinase Enzyme Ki 4.68 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase Enzyme Ki 7.13 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase 2 Enzyme Ki 8 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase Enzyme Ki 5.24 CHEMBL
Astrosclerin-3 Enzyme Ki 7.29 CHEMBL
Beta-carbonic anhydrase 1 Enzyme Ki 6.60 CHEMBL
Delta carbonic anhydrase Enzyme Ki 7.08 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase 2 Enzyme Ki 8.05 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase 2 Enzyme IC50 6.02 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase Enzyme IC50 7.80 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase Enzyme Ki 7.57 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase 3 Enzyme Ki 4.08 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase Enzyme Ki 7.56 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase Enzyme Ki 7.12 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase, alpha family Enzyme Ki 8.37 CHEMBL
Carbonate dehydratase Enzyme Ki 8.35 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase 2, isoform A; LD26647p Enzyme Ki 7.11 CHEMBL
Carbonic anhydrase 1; GH09688p Enzyme Ki 6.97 CHEMBL

External reference:

IDSource
4017898 VUID
N0000146250 NUI
D00218 KEGG_DRUG
1424-27-7 SECONDARY_CAS_RN
167 RXNORM
C0000981 UMLSCUI
CHEBI:27690 CHEBI
CHEMBL20 ChEMBL_ID
DB00819 DRUGBANK_ID
CHEMBL1200814 ChEMBL_ID
D000086 MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI
1986 PUBCHEM_CID
6792 IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID
481 INN_ID
O3FX965V0I UNII
2596 MMSL
4121 MMSL
814 MMSL
d00161 MMSL
AZM PDB_CHEM_ID
4017898 VANDF
4017899 VANDF
002286 NDDF
002287 NDDF
33664007 SNOMEDCT_US
372709008 SNOMEDCT_US
72469007 SNOMEDCT_US
O3FX965V0I INXIGHT DRUGS

Pharmaceutical products:

ProductCategoryIngredientsNDCFormQuantityRouteMarketingLabel
AcetaZOLAMIDE HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0143-9006 INJECTION, POWDER, LYOPHILIZED, FOR SOLUTION 500 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 20 sections
AcetaZOLAMIDE HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0143-9006 INJECTION, POWDER, LYOPHILIZED, FOR SOLUTION 500 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 20 sections
AcetaZOLAMIDE HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0143-9503 INJECTION, POWDER, LYOPHILIZED, FOR SOLUTION 500 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 20 sections
acetazolamide HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0904-6663 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 19 sections
AcetaZOLAMIDE HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 10135-567 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 18 sections
Acetazolamide HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 10135-772 TABLET 125 mg ORAL ANDA 21 sections
Acetazolamide HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 10135-773 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 21 sections
Acetazolamide HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 10135-830 TABLET 125 mg ORAL ANDA 11 sections
Acetazolamide HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 10135-831 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 11 sections
acetazolamide HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 16729-331 CAPSULE, EXTENDED RELEASE 500 mg ORAL ANDA 21 sections
acetazolamide HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 23155-287 TABLET 125 mg ORAL ANDA 18 sections
acetazolamide HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 23155-288 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 18 sections
Acetazolamide HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 23155-313 INJECTION, POWDER, LYOPHILIZED, FOR SOLUTION 500 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 16 sections
Acetazolamide HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 23155-787 CAPSULE, EXTENDED RELEASE 500 mg ORAL ANDA 12 sections
Acetazolamide HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 23155-831 INJECTION, POWDER, LYOPHILIZED, FOR SOLUTION 500 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 16 sections
Acetazolamide HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 25021-839 INJECTION, POWDER, FOR SOLUTION 500 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 22 sections
Acetazolamide Human Prescription Drug Label 1 27241-132 TABLET 125 mg ORAL ANDA 20 sections
Acetazolamide Human Prescription Drug Label 1 27241-133 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 20 sections
Acetazolamide HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 29033-030 CAPSULE, EXTENDED RELEASE 500 mg ORAL ANDA 22 sections
Acetazolamide HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 39822-0190 INJECTION, POWDER, LYOPHILIZED, FOR SOLUTION 500 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 21 sections
acetazolamide HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 42291-089 TABLET 125 mg ORAL ANDA 19 sections
acetazolamide HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 42291-090 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 19 sections
ACETAZOLAMIDE EXTENDED-RELEASE HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 42571-243 CAPSULE 500 mg ORAL ANDA 21 sections
Acetazolamide Human Prescription Drug Label 1 46708-349 CAPSULE, EXTENDED RELEASE 500 mg ORAL ANDA 21 sections
AcetaZOLAMIDE HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 50090-3003 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 19 sections
Acetazolamide HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 50090-3132 CAPSULE, EXTENDED RELEASE 500 mg ORAL ANDA 11 sections
Acetazolamide HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 50090-5593 TABLET 250 mg ORAL ANDA 17 sections
ACETAZOLAMIDE EXTENDED-RELEASE HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 50090-5608 CAPSULE 500 mg ORAL ANDA 21 sections
acetazolamide HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 50090-5617 TABLET 125 mg ORAL ANDA 18 sections
Acetazolamide HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 50090-5945 CAPSULE, EXTENDED RELEASE 500 mg ORAL ANDA 12 sections