ketamine 🐶 Veterinary Use | Indications/Contra | FAERs-F | FAERs-M | Orange Bk | PK/Tox | Related Drugs | BioActivity |

Stem definitionDrug idCAS RN
1523 6740-88-1

Description:

MoleculeDescription

Molfile Inchi Smiles

Synonyms:

  • ketamine
  • narketan
  • (+/-)-Ketamine
  • ketamine hydrochloride
  • ketamine HCl
A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.
  • Molecular weight: 237.73
  • Formula: C13H16ClNO
  • CLOGP: 2.93
  • LIPINSKI: 0
  • HAC: 2
  • HDO: 1
  • TPSA: 29.10
  • ALOGS: -3.71
  • ROTB: 2
  • Status: OFP
    • Legend:
    OFP - off patent
    OFM - off market
    ONP - on patent

Drug dosage:

None

ADMET properties:

PropertyValueReference
BDDCS (Biopharmaceutical Drug Disposition Classification System) 1 Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
S (Water solubility) 200 mg/mL Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
EoM (Fraction excreted unchanged in urine) 4 % Benet LZ, Broccatelli F, Oprea TI
MRTD (Maximum Recommended Therapeutic Daily Dose) 8.41 µM/kg/day Contrera JF, Matthews EJ, Kruhlak NL, Benz RD
BA (Bioavailability) 20 % Kim MT, Sedykh A, Chakravarti SK, Saiakhov RD, Zhu H
Vd (Volume of distribution) 2.90 L/kg Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
CL (Clearance) 19 mL/min/kg Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
fu (Fraction unbound in plasma) 0.47 % Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS
t_half (Half-life) 2.80 hours Lombardo F, Berellini G, Obach RS

Predicted pharmacokinetic/toxicological properties (PK-AZ):

PropertyDescriptionValueUnitConfidenceSimilarity
azlogd74 LogD at pH 7.4 1.513 High 1
caco2-efflux Caco-2 efflux ratio (BA/AB) 0.855 High 1
caco2-intrinsic-papp Caco-2 intrinsic apparent permeability 30.479 10^-6 cm/s High 1
dh-clint Dog hepatocyte intrinsic clearance 21.577 uL/min/10^6 cells High 1
dppb Dog plasma protein binding (% unbound) 59.770 % High 1
fcs-ppb Fetal calf serum protein binding (% unbound) 51.320 % High 1
herg hERG pIC50 4.472 pIC50 High 1
hh-clint Human hepatocyte intrinsic clearance 5.445 uL/min/10^6 cells High 1
hlm-clint Human liver microsomal intrinsic clearance 17.458 uL/min/mg protein High 1
hppb Human plasma protein binding (% unbound) 57.650 % High 1
kinase-safety-class ACVR2B,AXL,BRAF,BTK,CAMK2D,CDK5,EIF2AK3,ERBB2,GRK2,ITK,NTRK2,PDK1,PDK2,PDK4,TGFBR1 15
kinase-selectivity-class AXL,EIF2AK3,GRK2,PDK4 4
mdck-mdr1-efflux MDCK-MDR1 efflux ratio 0.711 High 1
mh-clint Mouse hepatocyte intrinsic clearance 66.374 High 1
mppb Mouse plasma protein binding (% unbound) 50.810 High 1
nih-mdck-mdr1-efflux NIH MDCK-MDR1 efflux ratio 0.918 High 1
pfas-class PFAS structural alert (1 = True, 0 = False) 0
pppb Pig plasma protein binding (% unbound) 65.840 % High 1
rh-clint Rat hepatocyte intrinsic clearance 56.364 uL/min/10^6 cells High 1
rh-fuinc Rat hepatocyte fraction unbound in incubation 89.290 % High 1
rppb Rat plasma protein binding (% unbound) 59.720 % High 1
solubility-dd Solubility at pH 7.4 in DMSO 820.352 uM High 1

Approvals:

DateAgencyCompanyOrphan
Feb. 19, 1970 FDA PAR STERILE PRODUCTS

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Female)

MedDRA adverse event termLikelihood ratioLikelihood ratio thresholdPatients taking drug having adverse eventPatients taking drug not having adverse eventPatients not taking drug having adverse eventPatients not taking drug not having adverse event
Anaphylactic shock 1029.65 21.94 338 17075 31279 90579755
Drug abuse 336.99 21.94 205 17208 82142 90528892
Drug ineffective for unapproved indication 285.73 21.94 171 17242 66473 90544561
Substance use disorder 278.64 21.94 67 17346 1953 90609081
Propofol infusion syndrome 235.06 21.94 54 17359 1285 90609749
Drug ineffective 220.72 21.94 671 16742 1383627 89227407
Drug use disorder 219.04 21.94 76 17337 8267 90602767
Bronchospasm 217.02 21.94 97 17316 20612 90590422
Hypotension 196.18 21.94 275 17138 325122 90285912
Anaphylactic reaction 171.83 21.94 139 17274 87385 90523649
Body tinea 166.60 21.94 45 17368 2103 90608931
Multiple-drug resistance 155.81 21.94 58 17355 7718 90603316
Agitation 147.66 21.94 114 17299 66984 90544050
Inhibitory drug interaction 145.08 21.94 44 17369 3119 90607915
Respiratory depression 144.39 21.94 67 17346 15508 90595526
Infection susceptibility increased 139.80 21.94 45 17368 3881 90607153
Mitochondrial DNA mutation 139.25 21.94 29 17384 429 90610605
Dilatation intrahepatic duct acquired 134.95 21.94 31 17382 737 90610297
Intra-abdominal pressure increased 133.77 21.94 26 17387 265 90610769
Cardiac arrest 121.72 21.94 124 17289 104811 90506223
Oesophageal spasm 121.62 21.94 39 17374 3322 90607712
Hydronephrosis 113.86 21.94 53 17360 12349 90598685
Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis 111.84 21.94 54 17359 13649 90597385
Oesophageal pain 111.54 21.94 39 17374 4335 90606699
Poor quality sleep 109.98 21.94 65 17348 24628 90586406
Status epilepticus 109.28 21.94 59 17354 18815 90592219
Glucose tolerance impaired 108.63 21.94 45 17368 7940 90603094
Necrosis ischaemic 101.94 21.94 26 17387 969 90610065
Purpura 96.33 21.94 50 17363 14728 90596306
Impaired work ability 94.35 21.94 54 17359 19272 90591762
Blood gases abnormal 94.03 21.94 24 17389 897 90610137
Off label use 93.55 21.94 438 16975 1101814 89509220
Pneumatosis 93.49 21.94 21 17392 450 90610584
Cardio-respiratory arrest 92.77 21.94 85 17328 63055 90547979
Arthralgia 91.87 21.94 19 17394 778503 89832531
Tachycardia 89.93 21.94 130 17283 157543 90453491
Hypercapnia 88.71 21.94 37 17376 6640 90604394
Hyperaesthesia 86.81 21.94 42 17371 10660 90600374
Unwanted awareness during anaesthesia 85.32 21.94 19 17394 391 90610643
Intestinal ischaemia 84.78 21.94 39 17374 8844 90602190
Biliary dilatation 84.11 21.94 28 17385 2683 90608351
Joint swelling 83.54 21.94 3 17410 503297 90107737
Impaired quality of life 82.85 21.94 53 17360 23091 90587943
Gene mutation 82.37 21.94 26 17387 2104 90608930
Blood lactic acid increased 82.09 21.94 38 17375 8740 90602294
Metabolic acidosis 81.88 21.94 75 17338 55601 90555433
Sterile pyuria 80.97 21.94 12 17401 15 90611019
Biliary tract disorder 80.44 21.94 21 17392 859 90610175
CSF oligoclonal band present 78.15 21.94 18 17395 433 90610601
Cholangitis sclerosing 77.21 21.94 25 17388 2196 90608838
Cholestasis 76.18 21.94 60 17353 36239 90574795
Bone density decreased 75.51 21.94 45 17368 17300 90593734
Miosis 73.26 21.94 36 17377 9448 90601586
Alopecia 72.77 21.94 6 17407 495065 90115969
Drug interaction 70.99 21.94 161 17252 276292 90334742
Blood pH decreased 69.83 21.94 24 17389 2534 90608500
Abdominal discomfort 69.56 21.94 6 17407 477322 90133712
Lymphoedema 68.66 21.94 39 17374 13714 90597320
Reduced bladder capacity 68.02 21.94 9 17404 0 90611034
Shock 67.90 21.94 51 17362 28727 90582307
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 66.57 21.94 30 17383 6486 90604548
Respiratory acidosis 66.26 21.94 32 17381 8087 90602947
Toxicity to various agents 64.53 21.94 159 17254 287687 90323347
Hyperlipidaemia 64.05 21.94 45 17368 22871 90588163
Pleocytosis 63.78 21.94 18 17395 990 90610044
Intestinal infarction 62.77 21.94 18 17395 1049 90609985
Stress cardiomyopathy 61.68 21.94 36 17377 13319 90597715
Allergy test negative 60.56 21.94 13 17400 224 90610810
Poisoning deliberate 59.62 21.94 38 17375 16448 90594586
Local anaesthetic systemic toxicity 58.93 21.94 23 17390 3477 90607557
Type I hypersensitivity 58.49 21.94 24 17389 4131 90606903
Contracted bladder 57.92 21.94 8 17405 3 90611031
Drug withdrawal syndrome 55.00 21.94 45 17368 28678 90582356
Partial seizures 54.42 21.94 27 17386 7233 90603801
Infusion related reaction 53.80 21.94 8 17405 416772 90194262
Coma 53.73 21.94 68 17345 72564 90538470
Withdrawal syndrome 53.32 21.94 40 17373 22484 90588550
Bradypnoea 52.58 21.94 23 17390 4635 90606399
Delirium 52.25 21.94 81 17332 104278 90506756
Drug dependence 52.11 21.94 44 17369 29283 90581751
Skin disorder 51.16 21.94 48 17365 36658 90574376
Oral herpes 50.92 21.94 46 17367 33478 90577556
Schizencephaly 50.52 21.94 12 17401 331 90610703
Intensive care unit acquired weakness 50.40 21.94 15 17398 996 90610038
Cerebral haemorrhage foetal 50.35 21.94 12 17401 336 90610698
Bladder hypertrophy 50.03 21.94 13 17400 522 90610512
Haemodynamic instability 49.91 21.94 30 17383 11709 90599325
Generalised tonic-clonic seizure 49.33 21.94 46 17367 34857 90576177
Oxygen saturation decreased 49.09 21.94 80 17333 107403 90503631
Rheumatoid arthritis 49.08 21.94 6 17407 362608 90248426
Cystitis 48.61 21.94 62 17351 66656 90544378
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome 48.60 21.94 21 17392 4109 90606925
Airway peak pressure increased 48.17 21.94 12 17401 406 90610628
Apnoea 47.81 21.94 27 17386 9387 90601647
Nasopharyngitis 47.78 21.94 10 17403 407094 90203940
Swelling 47.76 21.94 11 17402 419047 90191987
Arrhythmia 47.18 21.94 49 17364 42283 90568751
Venoocclusive liver disease 47.04 21.94 23 17390 5970 90605064
Peripheral swelling 46.77 21.94 11 17402 413095 90197939
Ultrasound ovary abnormal 46.64 21.94 9 17404 88 90610946
PCO2 increased 46.54 21.94 15 17398 1298 90609736
Ureteric stenosis 46.35 21.94 13 17400 699 90610335
Sinusitis 45.64 21.94 6 17407 343082 90267952
Mydriasis 45.52 21.94 31 17382 14981 90596053
Lung hyperinflation 45.51 21.94 15 17398 1393 90609641
Hallucination 44.48 21.94 59 17354 65900 90545134
Therapy partial responder 43.18 21.94 35 17378 22008 90589026
Headache 43.10 21.94 62 17351 862684 89748350
Cystitis ulcerative 42.91 21.94 6 17407 3 90611031
Anaphylactoid shock 42.69 21.94 11 17402 427 90610607
Hepatocellular injury 42.54 21.94 39 17374 28919 90582115
Hepatic enzyme increased 42.04 21.94 9 17404 360727 90250307
Upper airway obstruction 41.58 21.94 13 17400 1019 90610015
Immune thrombocytopenia 41.56 21.94 28 17385 13298 90597736
Sleep apnoea syndrome 41.36 21.94 40 17373 31707 90579327
Tinnitus 41.20 21.94 46 17367 43056 90567978
Cataract 40.41 21.94 59 17354 72033 90539001
Sedation 40.31 21.94 48 17365 48123 90562911
Hypoxia 40.22 21.94 59 17354 72340 90538694
Intentional product misuse 39.98 21.94 66 17347 89538 90521496
PO2 decreased 39.94 21.94 14 17399 1567 90609467
Sedation complication 39.90 21.94 30 17383 16914 90594120
Brain death 39.45 21.94 18 17395 4003 90607031
Status asthmaticus 39.07 21.94 12 17401 887 90610147
Ventricular fibrillation 37.90 21.94 27 17386 14017 90597017
Ureteral polyp 37.79 21.94 5 17408 0 90611034
Blood creatine phosphokinase increased 37.22 21.94 39 17374 33984 90577050
Drug intolerance 36.95 21.94 20 17393 447571 90163463
Perforation 36.77 21.94 14 17399 1980 90609054
Bradycardia 36.39 21.94 61 17352 83786 90527248
Brain injury 36.10 21.94 21 17392 7717 90603317
Renal infarct 35.87 21.94 13 17400 1602 90609432
Procedure aborted 35.77 21.94 8 17405 168 90610866
Tachyphylaxis 35.06 21.94 9 17404 344 90610690
Tonic clonic movements 35.06 21.94 13 17400 1709 90609325
Hepatic cytolysis 34.83 21.94 36 17377 30880 90580154
Diastolic hypotension 34.74 21.94 7 17406 87 90610947
Pain 34.57 21.94 89 17324 996252 89614782
Medical device site abscess 34.32 21.94 8 17405 203 90610831
Mobility decreased 34.28 21.94 4 17409 250730 90360304
Altered state of consciousness 34.24 21.94 36 17377 31496 90579538
Dissociative disorder 34.17 21.94 10 17403 626 90610408
Blood bicarbonate decreased 33.91 21.94 15 17398 3104 90607930
Medical device site cellulitis 33.78 21.94 8 17405 218 90610816
Lower urinary tract symptoms 33.39 21.94 7 17406 107 90610927
Acute respiratory failure 33.03 21.94 41 17372 42877 90568157
Infusion site infection 32.86 21.94 14 17399 2646 90608388
Myoclonus 32.50 21.94 28 17385 19140 90591894
Left ventricular hypertrophy 32.23 21.94 18 17395 6126 90604908
Bladder disorder 32.08 21.94 22 17391 10750 90600284
Bladder necrosis 31.67 21.94 5 17408 12 90611022
Discomfort 31.64 21.94 7 17406 274328 90336706
Encephalitis 31.42 21.94 22 17391 11112 90599922
Cystitis interstitial 31.41 21.94 12 17401 1712 90609322
Post procedural stroke 31.25 21.94 6 17407 57 90610977
Hypersensitivity 31.19 21.94 25 17388 454652 90156382
Intensive care unit delirium 31.15 21.94 6 17407 58 90610976
Infantile apnoea 31.00 21.94 11 17402 1276 90609758
Educational problem 30.75 21.94 9 17404 564 90610470
Abortion induced 30.13 21.94 22 17391 11866 90599168
Circulatory collapse 29.88 21.94 30 17383 24874 90586160
Infusion site pain 29.81 21.94 27 17386 19711 90591323
Distributive shock 29.47 21.94 14 17399 3410 90607624
Drug abuser 29.45 21.94 13 17400 2677 90608357
Euthyroid sick syndrome 29.25 21.94 6 17407 82 90610952
Blood cholesterol increased 29.24 21.94 3 17410 208009 90403025
General physical health deterioration 29.10 21.94 16 17397 355099 90255935
Chorea 29.06 21.94 12 17401 2098 90608936
Therapy non-responder 28.98 21.94 74 17339 136630 90474404
Increased bronchial secretion 28.83 21.94 12 17401 2141 90608893
Urinary tract disorder 28.40 21.94 14 17399 3697 90607337
Paradoxical drug reaction 27.84 21.94 16 17397 5750 90605284
Mucocutaneous haemorrhage 27.39 21.94 6 17407 114 90610920
Infection 27.31 21.94 18 17395 362076 90248958
Serotonin syndrome 27.26 21.94 35 17378 37852 90573182
Catatonia 27.11 21.94 16 17397 6040 90604994
Dysphoria 26.87 21.94 16 17397 6138 90604896
Irritable bowel syndrome 26.70 21.94 4 17409 207444 90403590
Tidal volume decreased 26.59 21.94 5 17408 42 90610992
Circumoral oedema 26.54 21.94 7 17406 298 90610736
Metabolic disorder 26.46 21.94 17 17396 7453 90603581
Depressed level of consciousness 26.46 21.94 49 17364 72735 90538299
Confusional arousal 26.45 21.94 7 17406 302 90610732
Muscle spasms 26.04 21.94 8 17405 251875 90359159
Pain in extremity 25.95 21.94 29 17384 450500 90160534
Antinuclear antibody positive 25.48 21.94 18 17395 9223 90601811
Ureteral disorder 24.89 21.94 7 17406 380 90610654
Victim of sexual abuse 24.88 21.94 8 17405 687 90610347
Cerebellar haemorrhage 24.82 21.94 10 17403 1643 90609391
Haematuria 24.71 21.94 32 17381 34905 90576129
Cyanosis 24.38 21.94 24 17389 19431 90591603
Product dose omission issue 24.10 21.94 13 17400 291674 90319360
Asthenia 24.07 21.94 41 17372 533710 90077324
Folliculitis 23.99 21.94 5 17408 204348 90406686
Poor sucking reflex 23.92 21.94 7 17406 438 90610596
Seizure 23.88 21.94 74 17339 152555 90458479
Therapeutic product effect decreased 23.48 21.94 12 17401 277559 90333475
Dyspnoea 23.24 21.94 89 17324 880866 89730168
Cellulitis 23.17 21.94 53 17360 91284 90519750
Blister 23.15 21.94 10 17403 254988 90356046
Nausea 22.84 21.94 123 17290 1110193 89500841
Asthma 22.78 21.94 9 17404 242151 90368883
Device wireless communication issue 22.78 21.94 5 17408 96 90610938
Musculoskeletal pain 22.74 21.94 3 17410 171248 90439786
Chemical submission 22.72 21.94 7 17406 523 90610511
Bladder neck obstruction 22.67 21.94 3 17410 0 90611034
Electrocardiogram PR shortened 22.57 21.94 7 17406 534 90610500
Hepatotoxicity 22.12 21.94 35 17378 45807 90565227
Pyrexia 22.09 21.94 60 17353 660425 89950609
Arthritis 22.06 21.94 3 17410 167312 90443722

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Male)

MedDRA adverse event termLikelihood ratioLikelihood ratio thresholdPatients taking drug having adverse eventPatients taking drug not having adverse eventPatients not taking drug having adverse eventPatients not taking drug not having adverse event
Anaphylactic shock 835.56 21.09 330 17857 23187 42579961
Drug abuse 526.96 21.09 401 17786 104370 42498778
Drug ineffective 495.01 21.09 922 17265 629275 41973873
Sedation 477.05 21.09 241 17946 30234 42572914
Inspiratory capacity decreased 396.15 21.09 113 18074 2854 42600294
Nightmare 377.32 21.09 193 17994 24819 42578329
Nephrolithiasis 239.29 21.09 165 18022 36665 42566483
Hyperhidrosis 211.09 21.09 225 17962 90287 42512861
Off label use 208.95 21.09 669 17518 637666 41965482
Anaphylactic reaction 170.15 21.09 143 18044 42600 42560548
Product use in unapproved indication 168.14 21.09 290 17897 184166 42418982
Drug ineffective for unapproved indication 150.73 21.09 138 18049 46025 42557123
Hyperaesthesia 141.94 21.09 63 18124 5889 42597259
Hypotension 140.70 21.09 327 17860 257304 42345844
Drug dependence 119.17 21.09 99 18088 28995 42574153
Toxicity to various agents 116.49 21.09 283 17904 228853 42374295
Cystitis ulcerative 114.39 21.09 18 18169 9 42603139
Tachycardia 112.29 21.09 174 18013 100913 42502235
Sedation complication 100.06 21.09 40 18147 2879 42600269
Bradycardia 97.51 21.09 149 18038 85335 42517813
Bronchospasm 96.23 21.09 63 18124 12822 42590326
Product used for unknown indication 88.57 21.09 29 18158 1172 42601976
Mechanical ventilation complication 85.86 21.09 25 18162 679 42602469
Hypertonia 85.32 21.09 42 18145 4959 42598189
Drug use disorder 83.26 21.09 53 18134 10280 42592868
Respiratory depression 81.00 21.09 66 18121 18802 42584346
Fatigue 80.51 21.09 43 18144 435598 42167550
Cystitis interstitial 75.36 21.09 17 18170 158 42602990
Pneumonia 74.63 21.09 44 18143 422105 42181043
Laryngospasm 74.29 21.09 29 18158 1959 42601189
Agitation 71.75 21.09 111 18076 64203 42538945
Hydronephrosis 69.62 21.09 50 18137 11815 42591333
Cystitis 67.96 21.09 49 18138 11649 42591499
Anal inflammation 67.68 21.09 28 18159 2201 42600947
Biopsy bladder abnormal 67.60 21.09 10 18177 0 42603148
Biliary tract disorder 65.92 21.09 23 18164 1131 42602017
Mydriasis 63.34 21.09 42 18145 8728 42594420
Delirium 63.33 21.09 94 18093 52425 42550723
SARS-CoV-2 test negative 63.19 21.09 25 18162 1750 42601398
Postoperative delirium 63.10 21.09 19 18168 581 42602567
Negative pressure pulmonary oedema 62.33 21.09 19 18168 606 42602542
Substance use disorder 60.17 21.09 34 18153 5311 42597837
Withdrawal syndrome 59.89 21.09 50 18137 14725 42588423
Behaviour disorder 58.87 21.09 37 18150 7017 42596131
Reduced bladder capacity 58.25 21.09 9 18178 3 42603145
Dyspnoea 57.14 21.09 63 18124 442558 42160590
Dissociation 56.29 21.09 29 18158 3769 42599379
Arthralgia 56.04 21.09 10 18177 205228 42397920
Anaemia 55.71 21.09 25 18162 280253 42322895
Drug screen positive 54.00 21.09 29 18158 4102 42599046
Cardio-respiratory arrest 52.94 21.09 92 18095 58544 42544604
Diarrhoea 52.74 21.09 72 18115 460777 42142371
Urinary tract disorder 51.31 21.09 24 18163 2530 42600618
Delayed recovery from anaesthesia 50.67 21.09 19 18168 1150 42601998
Intentional product misuse 50.60 21.09 93 18094 61807 42541341
Haemothorax 50.17 21.09 30 18157 5206 42597942
Cardiac arrest 50.08 21.09 130 18057 109190 42493958
Propofol infusion syndrome 50.05 21.09 19 18168 1190 42601958
Asthenia 49.90 21.09 29 18158 280764 42322384
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 48.56 21.09 20 18167 1554 42601594
Diabetes insipidus 48.35 21.09 26 18161 3687 42599461
Contracted bladder 45.64 21.09 8 18179 15 42603133
Miosis 45.40 21.09 41 18146 13405 42589743
Allergy test negative 44.51 21.09 11 18176 156 42602992
Shock haemorrhagic 44.29 21.09 44 18143 16198 42586950
High risk sexual behaviour 44.13 21.09 10 18177 95 42603053
Hypoxia 43.95 21.09 94 18093 69692 42533456
Death 43.25 21.09 85 18102 471100 42132048
Drug withdrawal syndrome 42.22 21.09 49 18138 21500 42581648
Accident 41.85 21.09 29 18158 6474 42596674
Pulseless electrical activity 41.54 21.09 32 18155 8405 42594743
Multiple-drug resistance 41.00 21.09 30 18157 7292 42595856
Abdominal compartment syndrome 40.87 21.09 16 18171 1089 42602059
Substance abuse 40.01 21.09 32 18155 8873 42594275
Confusion postoperative 39.69 21.09 10 18177 154 42602994
Adverse reaction 38.58 21.09 23 18164 3970 42599178
Hyperarousal 38.53 21.09 8 18179 48 42603100
Anaphylactoid shock 37.13 21.09 12 18175 465 42602683
Apnoea 37.12 21.09 29 18158 7774 42595374
Cholestasis 36.99 21.09 57 18130 32822 42570326
Substance use 36.87 21.09 17 18170 1734 42601414
Oedema peripheral 36.33 21.09 7 18180 136069 42467079
Haemodynamic instability 36.07 21.09 35 18152 12522 42590626
Coma 35.88 21.09 74 18113 53480 42549668
Cough 35.17 21.09 16 18171 178087 42425061
Metabolic acidosis 35.14 21.09 72 18115 51786 42551362
Therapy non-responder 34.89 21.09 73 18114 53286 42549862
Porphyria acute 34.57 21.09 11 18176 405 42602743
Decreased appetite 34.20 21.09 20 18167 193117 42410031
Mental status changes 34.05 21.09 63 18124 42052 42561096
Biliary ischaemia 33.84 21.09 8 18179 93 42603055
Somnolence 33.56 21.09 134 18053 140971 42462177
Rhabdomyolysis 32.89 21.09 90 18097 77929 42525219
Dehydration 32.56 21.09 10 18177 141757 42461391
Haematuria traumatic 32.33 21.09 10 18177 335 42602813
Angiopathy 32.32 21.09 23 18164 5354 42597794
Intensive care unit acquired weakness 31.99 21.09 14 18173 1264 42601884
Hypoventilation 31.87 21.09 20 18167 3782 42599366
Product dose omission issue 31.85 21.09 13 18174 154352 42448796
Thrombocytopenia 30.56 21.09 22 18165 190257 42412891
Pruritus 30.09 21.09 22 18165 188749 42414399
Cardiac failure 29.59 21.09 5 18182 106851 42496297
Aggression 29.55 21.09 61 18126 44102 42559046
Dissociative disorder 29.41 21.09 11 18176 661 42602487
Drug tolerance 29.33 21.09 18 18169 3272 42599876
Hypovolaemia 29.27 21.09 30 18157 11455 42591693
Overdose 29.18 21.09 105 18082 105159 42497989
Chest pain 28.38 21.09 12 18175 139518 42463630
Illusion 28.14 21.09 12 18175 1017 42602131
Serotonin syndrome 27.94 21.09 44 18143 25801 42577347
Hypercapnia 27.86 21.09 21 18166 5340 42597808
Accidental death 27.83 21.09 17 18170 3066 42600082
Prostatic pain 27.82 21.09 9 18178 350 42602798
Autonomic nervous system imbalance 27.66 21.09 17 18170 3099 42600049
Disorientation 27.63 21.09 53 18134 36336 42566812
Pain in extremity 27.51 21.09 15 18172 150589 42452559
Muscle contracture 27.34 21.09 13 18174 1422 42601726
Ureteral polyp 27.04 21.09 4 18183 0 42603148
Atrial fibrillation 26.84 21.09 13 18174 139580 42463568
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome 26.40 21.09 8 18179 250 42602898
Cholangiolitis 25.57 21.09 5 18182 21 42603127
Nystagmus 25.55 21.09 20 18167 5376 42597772
Disease progression 25.24 21.09 15 18172 143641 42459507
Weight decreased 25.22 21.09 31 18156 207917 42395231
Circulatory collapse 25.22 21.09 40 18147 23596 42579552
Cognitive disorder 25.01 21.09 49 18138 34123 42569025
Biliary dilatation 24.59 21.09 12 18175 1389 42601759
Mixed liver injury 24.30 21.09 18 18169 4456 42598692
Weight increased 24.11 21.09 8 18179 107975 42495173
Airway complication of anaesthesia 24.04 21.09 7 18180 190 42602958
Anorgasmia 23.82 21.09 11 18176 1126 42602022
Dizziness 23.63 21.09 44 18143 249210 42353938
Cardiogenic shock 23.57 21.09 49 18138 35591 42567557
Myocardial infarction 23.16 21.09 12 18175 123997 42479151
Nasopharyngitis 23.10 21.09 4 18183 83992 42519156
Haemoglobin decreased 23.04 21.09 14 18173 132457 42470691
Hallucination, visual 23.02 21.09 36 18151 20984 42582164
Urinary tract infection 22.80 21.09 7 18180 99277 42503871
Bladder disorder 22.64 21.09 16 18171 3683 42599465
Accidental poisoning 22.45 21.09 11 18176 1285 42601863
Axillary pain 22.35 21.09 8 18179 424 42602724
Antisocial behaviour 22.22 21.09 8 18179 431 42602717
Pyuria 22.05 21.09 10 18177 982 42602166
Brief psychotic disorder with marked stressors 21.76 21.09 7 18180 267 42602881
Logorrhoea 21.62 21.09 14 18173 2793 42600355
Shock 21.60 21.09 42 18145 29079 42574069
Renal impairment 21.59 21.09 10 18177 110218 42492930
Transcranial electrical motor evoked potential monitoring abnormal 21.50 21.09 4 18183 12 42603136
Incoherent 21.39 21.09 17 18170 4668 42598480
Peripheral swelling 21.39 21.09 6 18181 90264 42512884
Pneumothorax 21.30 21.09 37 18150 23506 42579642
Headache 21.18 21.09 44 18143 239325 42363823
Cholangitis sclerosing 21.14 21.09 12 18175 1890 42601258
Adrenergic syndrome 21.11 21.09 6 18181 149 42602999

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Geriatric)

MedDRA adverse event termLikelihood ratioLikelihood ratio thresholdPatients taking drug having adverse eventPatients taking drug not having adverse eventPatients not taking drug having adverse eventPatients not taking drug not having adverse event
Anaphylactic shock 1842.66 18.25 664 33110 50882 110504643
Drug abuse 865.26 18.25 585 33189 176826 110378699
Drug ineffective 716.69 18.25 1481 32293 1519059 109036466
Sedation 445.82 18.25 273 33501 69410 110486115
Drug ineffective for unapproved indication 411.77 18.25 301 33473 102537 110452988
Inspiratory capacity decreased 375.05 18.25 98 33676 2497 110553028
Nightmare 357.59 18.25 193 33581 38670 110516855
Anaphylactic reaction 334.62 18.25 278 33496 114022 110441503
Hypotension 333.54 18.25 583 33191 523266 110032259
Bronchospasm 297.38 18.25 157 33617 30082 110525443
Substance use disorder 286.66 18.25 101 33673 7189 110548336
Drug use disorder 273.86 18.25 126 33648 17948 110537577
Off label use 251.96 18.25 1011 32763 1499174 109056351
Propofol infusion syndrome 249.19 18.25 71 33703 2518 110553007
Hyperaesthesia 217.90 18.25 101 33673 14626 110540899
Agitation 204.12 18.25 210 33564 112841 110442684
Nephrolithiasis 204.01 18.25 166 33608 66046 110489479
Tachycardia 196.85 18.25 291 33483 226354 110329171
Hyperhidrosis 196.06 18.25 263 33511 187035 110368490
Respiratory depression 193.41 18.25 121 33653 31880 110523645
Hydronephrosis 188.28 18.25 102 33672 20563 110534962
Drug dependence 172.47 18.25 134 33640 49886 110505639
Cardiac arrest 167.04 18.25 250 33524 196503 110359022
Cystitis ulcerative 160.54 18.25 24 33750 12 110555513
Arthralgia 159.71 18.25 24 33750 779608 109775917
Multiple-drug resistance 154.05 18.25 77 33697 13158 110542367
Product use in unapproved indication 148.28 18.25 382 33392 446995 110108530
Toxicity to various agents 147.77 18.25 399 33375 480156 110075369
Body tinea 142.41 18.25 44 33730 2071 110553454
Cardio-respiratory arrest 134.08 18.25 171 33603 115665 110439860
Bradycardia 132.51 18.25 198 33576 155319 110400206
Reduced bladder capacity 127.70 18.25 18 33756 0 110555525
Biliary tract disorder 127.24 18.25 39 33735 1787 110553738
Mitochondrial DNA mutation 124.74 18.25 29 33745 447 110555078
Miosis 117.64 18.25 77 33697 21906 110533619
Metabolic acidosis 115.04 18.25 147 33627 99597 110455928
Intra-abdominal pressure increased 114.70 18.25 26 33748 356 110555169
Sedation complication 112.28 18.25 72 33702 19783 110535742
Oesophageal spasm 111.38 18.25 42 33732 3624 110551901
Infection susceptibility increased 110.89 18.25 44 33730 4354 110551171
Withdrawal syndrome 108.01 18.25 84 33690 31296 110524229
Mydriasis 105.08 18.25 72 33702 22085 110533440
Biliary dilatation 104.62 18.25 40 33734 3585 110551940
Dilatation intrahepatic duct acquired 103.56 18.25 28 33746 815 110554710
Inhibitory drug interaction 102.52 18.25 43 33731 4904 110550621
Cholestasis 102.45 18.25 112 33662 64406 110491119
Intentional product misuse 101.65 18.25 161 33613 132743 110422782
Laryngospasm 101.54 18.25 42 33732 4626 110550899
Hypercapnia 101.41 18.25 55 33719 11104 110544421
Cystitis 100.31 18.25 112 33662 65924 110489601
Joint swelling 99.43 18.25 10 33764 442835 110112690
Oesophageal pain 97.76 18.25 42 33732 5083 110550442
Allergy test negative 97.04 18.25 23 33751 387 110555138
Contracted bladder 94.60 18.25 15 33759 18 110555507
Delirium 94.33 18.25 157 33617 134868 110420657
Status epilepticus 92.69 18.25 77 33697 31494 110524031
Cystitis interstitial 92.26 18.25 29 33745 1445 110554080
Drug withdrawal syndrome 91.87 18.25 83 33691 37971 110517554
Mechanical ventilation complication 91.87 18.25 25 33749 746 110554779
Alopecia 91.05 18.25 5 33769 364748 110190777
Cholangitis sclerosing 90.89 18.25 36 33738 3546 110551979
Abdominal discomfort 90.79 18.25 8 33766 393850 110161675
Headache 90.44 18.25 82 33692 882295 109673230
Nasopharyngitis 88.28 18.25 9 33765 394352 110161173
Product used for unknown indication 88.00 18.25 30 33744 1933 110553592
Haemodynamic instability 86.98 18.25 65 33709 22823 110532702
Coma 86.31 18.25 140 33634 117729 110437796
Hypertonia 83.61 18.25 44 33730 8362 110547163
Peripheral swelling 83.61 18.25 12 33762 404022 110151503
Apnoea 83.47 18.25 52 33722 13587 110541938
Intensive care unit acquired weakness 82.61 18.25 30 33744 2329 110553196
Necrosis ischaemic 82.00 18.25 26 33748 1333 110554192
Shock 81.57 18.25 91 33683 53497 110502028
Sterile pyuria 80.78 18.25 15 33759 68 110555457
Glucose tolerance impaired 79.83 18.25 45 33729 9792 110545733
Biopsy bladder abnormal 78.04 18.25 11 33763 0 110555525
Dyspnoea 77.91 18.25 137 33637 1106735 109448790
Poor quality sleep 77.32 18.25 66 33708 28011 110527514
Infusion related reaction 77.30 18.25 12 33762 381150 110174375
Anaphylactoid shock 77.03 18.25 23 33751 963 110554562
Urinary tract disorder 76.97 18.25 37 33737 5807 110549718
Pneumatosis 76.69 18.25 23 33751 978 110554547
Swelling 76.05 18.25 9 33765 351032 110204493
Asthenia 75.47 18.25 60 33714 688939 109866586
Hypoxia 75.40 18.25 139 33635 129376 110426149
Diarrhoea 74.93 18.25 147 33627 1139358 109416167
Respiratory acidosis 72.93 18.25 48 33726 13778 110541747
Behaviour disorder 72.57 18.25 42 33732 9605 110545920
Rheumatoid arthritis 72.08 18.25 5 33769 299608 110255917
Arthropathy 71.56 18.25 4 33770 287518 110268007
Sinusitis 71.23 18.25 5 33769 296683 110258842
Acute generalised exanthematous pustulosis 70.26 18.25 56 33718 21608 110533917
Anal inflammation 70.09 18.25 27 33747 2469 110553056
Blood gases abnormal 69.78 18.25 23 33751 1335 110554190
CSF oligoclonal band present 69.04 18.25 18 33756 454 110555071
Drug interaction 68.32 18.25 318 33456 499865 110055660
Type I hypersensitivity 67.99 18.25 35 33739 6358 110549167
Drug screen positive 67.90 18.25 35 33739 6375 110549150
Diabetes insipidus 67.09 18.25 35 33739 6535 110548990
SARS-CoV-2 test negative 66.62 18.25 25 33749 2128 110553397
Negative pressure pulmonary oedema 66.50 18.25 19 33755 680 110554845
Bladder hypertrophy 65.74 18.25 21 33753 1103 110554422
Ureteral polyp 63.85 18.25 9 33765 0 110555525
Unwanted awareness during anaesthesia 61.77 18.25 16 33758 393 110555132
Fatigue 61.55 18.25 180 33594 1215778 109339747
Postoperative delirium 61.45 18.25 19 33755 896 110554629
Somnolence 59.58 18.25 213 33561 297236 110258289
Dissociative disorder 59.55 18.25 20 33754 1231 110554294
Synovitis 59.43 18.25 7 33767 274085 110281440
Drug intolerance 59.23 18.25 25 33749 406487 110149038
Hallucination 59.20 18.25 109 33665 101323 110454202
Lower respiratory tract infection 58.63 18.25 4 33770 243102 110312423
Gene mutation 58.57 18.25 26 33748 3403 110552122
Stress cardiomyopathy 58.09 18.25 44 33730 15762 110539763
Lymphoedema 58.07 18.25 43 33731 14886 110540639
Pain in extremity 57.73 18.25 39 33735 487079 110068446
Bone density decreased 57.51 18.25 44 33730 15998 110539527
Intestinal ischaemia 57.17 18.25 44 33730 16135 110539390
Circulatory collapse 57.01 18.25 68 33706 42925 110512600
Decreased appetite 56.52 18.25 38 33736 475808 110079717
Dissociation 56.41 18.25 36 33738 9806 110545719
Blood lactic acid increased 55.85 18.25 43 33731 15778 110539747
Oedema peripheral 55.10 18.25 16 33758 328644 110226881
Bladder disorder 54.73 18.25 37 33737 11100 110544425
Pericarditis 54.66 18.25 3 33771 219111 110336414
Cough 54.65 18.25 37 33737 461604 110093921
Serotonin syndrome 54.21 18.25 78 33696 59075 110496450
Partial seizures 54.10 18.25 37 33737 11312 110544213
Hepatic cytolysis 54.01 18.25 75 33699 54978 110500547
Impaired work ability 52.99 18.25 52 33722 26367 110529158
Upper airway obstruction 52.42 18.25 20 33754 1782 110553743
Anaemia 52.28 18.25 54 33720 547032 110008493
Musculoskeletal stiffness 51.99 18.25 11 33763 279811 110275714
Delayed recovery from anaesthesia 51.83 18.25 21 33753 2194 110553331
Haemothorax 51.27 18.25 30 33744 7001 110548524
Purpura 50.78 18.25 49 33725 24339 110531186
Rhabdomyolysis 50.72 18.25 113 33661 120288 110435237
Airway peak pressure increased 50.19 18.25 15 33759 630 110554895
Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus 49.82 18.25 21 33753 2424 110553101
Intestinal infarction 49.38 18.25 18 33756 1412 110554113
Mobility decreased 49.21 18.25 7 33767 237415 110318110
Chest pain 48.95 18.25 27 33747 376348 110179177
Substance abuse 48.71 18.25 36 33738 12427 110543098
Mental status changes 48.50 18.25 85 33689 76037 110479488
Impaired quality of life 47.45 18.25 52 33722 29965 110525560
Hypoventilation 47.41 18.25 30 33744 8051 110547474
Weight decreased 47.25 18.25 44 33730 468013 110087512
General physical health deterioration 46.55 18.25 37 33737 425258 110130267
Product dose omission issue 46.52 18.25 20 33754 321762 110233763
Pleocytosis 46.10 18.25 18 33756 1706 110553819
Status asthmaticus 43.42 18.25 15 33759 1006 110554519
Ultrasound ovary abnormal 42.48 18.25 9 33765 88 110555437
Generalised tonic-clonic seizure 41.44 18.25 66 33708 54614 110500911
Depressed level of consciousness 41.39 18.25 100 33674 112178 110443347
Shock haemorrhagic 40.99 18.25 46 33728 27201 110528324
Bradypnoea 40.76 18.25 28 33746 8621 110546904
Muscle spasms 40.67 18.25 17 33757 278140 110277385
Lower urinary tract symptoms 40.38 18.25 12 33762 494 110555031
Ureteric stenosis 40.34 18.25 16 33758 1581 110553944
Pneumonia 39.88 18.25 136 33638 876578 109678947
Arthritis 39.71 18.25 3 33771 167583 110387942
Hepatocellular injury 39.58 18.25 62 33712 50580 110504945
Fall 39.40 18.25 78 33696 603404 109952121
Pulseless electrical activity 39.36 18.25 36 33738 16721 110538804
Haematuria traumatic 39.33 18.25 11 33763 364 110555161
Drug abuser 39.23 18.25 23 33751 5386 110550139
Accident 39.17 18.25 30 33744 10922 110544603
Poisoning deliberate 38.84 18.25 44 33730 26287 110529238
Osteoarthritis 38.75 18.25 5 33769 182618 110372907
Irritable bowel syndrome 38.74 18.25 3 33771 164212 110391313
Asthma 38.73 18.25 14 33760 250277 110305248
Local anaesthetic systemic toxicity 38.73 18.25 23 33751 5514 110550011
Ureteral disorder 38.51 18.25 12 33762 581 110554944
Dysphoria 38.06 18.25 24 33750 6404 110549121
Dehydration 37.88 18.25 19 33755 279492 110276033
Infection 37.79 18.25 33 33741 362167 110193358
Aggression 37.57 18.25 66 33708 59144 110496381
Abdominal compartment syndrome 37.44 18.25 16 33758 1911 110553614
Overdose 37.43 18.25 156 33618 233638 110321887
Therapeutic product effect decreased 37.24 18.25 14 33760 244302 110311223
Oxygen saturation decreased 37.20 18.25 119 33655 156863 110398662
Blood pH decreased 36.92 18.25 21 33753 4648 110550877
Airway complication of anaesthesia 36.82 18.25 12 33762 672 110554853
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome 36.60 18.25 31 33743 13012 110542513
Contraindicated product administered 36.57 18.25 15 33759 248252 110307273
Cardiogenic shock 36.49 18.25 64 33710 57274 110498251
Substance use 36.48 18.25 17 33757 2489 110553036
Therapy non-responder 36.15 18.25 118 33656 157189 110398336
Paraesthesia 35.70 18.25 20 33754 276501 110279024
High risk sexual behaviour 35.67 18.25 8 33766 104 110555421
Nystagmus 35.57 18.25 29 33745 11548 110543977
Biliary ischaemia 35.53 18.25 8 33766 106 110555419
Hyperarousal 35.50 18.25 7 33767 46 110555479
Poisoning 35.28 18.25 44 33730 29061 110526464
Pain 35.24 18.25 161 33613 954794 109600731
Lung hyperinflation 35.20 18.25 16 33758 2213 110553312
Confusion postoperative 35.00 18.25 10 33764 358 110555167
Distributive shock 34.84 18.25 22 33752 5882 110549643
Hyperthermia malignant 34.82 18.25 19 33755 3881 110551644
Arrhythmia 34.74 18.25 70 33704 69505 110486020
Folliculitis 34.60 18.25 5 33769 167648 110387877
Mixed liver injury 34.50 18.25 29 33745 12050 110543475
C-reactive protein increased 34.04 18.25 12 33762 217907 110337618
Pruritus 33.95 18.25 80 33694 581480 109974045
Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome 33.89 18.25 20 33754 4741 110550784
Tonic clonic movements 33.83 18.25 17 33757 2935 110552590
PCO2 increased 33.80 18.25 15 33759 1962 110553563
Urinary tract infection 33.71 18.25 30 33744 326252 110229273
Sleep apnoea syndrome 33.69 18.25 51 33723 40396 110515129
Angiopathy 33.63 18.25 25 33749 8705 110546820
Hypoaesthesia 33.54 18.25 28 33746 314195 110241330
Respiratory failure 33.16 18.25 142 33632 215190 110340335
Pyuria 32.49 18.25 16 33758 2647 110552878
Altered state of consciousness 32.45 18.25 61 33713 57565 110497960
Prostatic pain 32.41 18.25 9 33765 290 110555235
Cardiac failure congestive 32.36 18.25 4 33770 150996 110404529
Procedure aborted 31.86 18.25 8 33766 173 110555352
Psoriasis 31.81 18.25 3 33771 139990 110415535
Perforation 31.80 18.25 14 33760 1796 110553729
Medical device site abscess 30.68 18.25 8 33766 202 110555323
Illusion 30.42 18.25 14 33760 1993 110553532
Accidental death 30.40 18.25 19 33755 4990 110550535
Brain death 30.31 18.25 21 33753 6552 110548973
Antisocial behaviour 30.25 18.25 11 33763 857 110554668
Inadequate analgesia 30.17 18.25 19 33755 5058 110550467
Medical device site cellulitis 29.92 18.25 8 33766 223 110555302
Myoclonus 29.48 18.25 43 33731 32955 110522570
Oral herpes 29.35 18.25 45 33729 36035 110519490
Haemoglobin decreased 29.32 18.25 20 33754 248707 110306818
Muscle contracture 28.79 18.25 15 33759 2793 110552732
Discomfort 28.48 18.25 15 33759 214692 110340833
Anaesthetic complication neurological 28.38 18.25 11 33763 1022 110554503
Substance abuser 28.26 18.25 9 33765 468 110555057
Hyperlipidaemia 28.17 18.25 44 33730 35804 110519721
Bladder necrosis 28.07 18.25 5 33769 17 110555508
Hepatic enzyme increased 28.07 18.25 34 33740 320858 110234667
Electrocardiogram QT prolonged 28.03 18.25 85 33689 108875 110446650
Catatonia 27.96 18.25 25 33749 11275 110544250
Gastrooesophageal reflux disease 27.95 18.25 10 33764 179966 110375559
Inflammation 27.93 18.25 12 33762 193226 110362299
Intensive care unit delirium 27.68 18.25 6 33768 66 110555459
White blood cell count decreased 27.64 18.25 18 33756 229372 110326153
Injection site pain 27.44 18.25 10 33764 177912 110377613
Educational problem 27.03 18.25 9 33765 539 110554986
Paradoxical drug reaction 26.87 18.25 23 33751 9794 110545731
Blood creatine phosphokinase increased 26.83 18.25 65 33709 73012 110482513
Joint range of motion decreased 26.67 18.25 3 33771 121829 110433696
Hypovolaemia 26.65 18.25 33 33741 21641 110533884
Confusional arousal 26.61 18.25 7 33767 183 110555342
Dry mouth 26.48 18.25 14 33760 199934 110355591
Cholangiolitis 26.36 18.25 5 33769 26 110555499
Skin disorder 26.15 18.25 47 33727 42866 110512659
Pyrexia 26.14 18.25 164 33610 898101 109657424
Gross motor delay 26.08 18.25 7 33767 198 110555327
Cholestatic liver injury 25.93 18.25 20 33754 7356 110548169
Inappropriate schedule of product administration 25.89 18.25 15 33759 203622 110351903
Blister 25.85 18.25 19 33755 227357 110328168
Acidosis 25.63 18.25 33 33741 22498 110533027
Ill-defined disorder 25.61 18.25 8 33766 156845 110398680
Autonomic nervous system imbalance 25.57 18.25 18 33756 5762 110549763
Euthyroid sick syndrome 25.54 18.25 6 33768 97 110555428
Night sweats 25.43 18.25 5 33769 133978 110421547
Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome 25.27 18.25 8 33766 408 110555117
Venoocclusive liver disease 25.18 18.25 27 33747 15180 110540345
Psychomotor hyperactivity 25.13 18.25 31 33743 20246 110535279
Sinus tachycardia 24.93 18.25 47 33727 44446 110511079
Post procedural stroke 24.88 18.25 6 33768 109 110555416
COVID-19 24.74 18.25 23 33751 245037 110310488
Macroglossia 24.70 18.25 11 33763 1450 110554075
Oedema 24.59 18.25 17 33757 209959 110345566
Tinnitus 24.57 18.25 56 33718 60484 110495041
PO2 decreased 24.46 18.25 14 33760 3134 110552391
Therapy partial responder 24.40 18.25 42 33732 37019 110518506
Transcranial electrical motor evoked potential monitoring abnormal 24.18 18.25 5 33769 43 110555482
Adrenergic syndrome 24.00 18.25 7 33767 270 110555255
Disorientation 23.98 18.25 61 33713 70610 110484915
Neutropenia 23.92 18.25 49 33725 374571 110180954
Vasospasm 23.77 18.25 11 33763 1585 110553940
Unresponsive to stimuli 23.70 18.25 57 33717 63733 110491792
Hallucination, visual 23.65 18.25 43 33731 39562 110515963
Haematuria 23.49 18.25 67 33707 82938 110472587
Anorgasmia 23.45 18.25 11 33763 1635 110553890
Seizure 23.38 18.25 131 33643 221054 110334471
Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome 23.31 18.25 100 33674 151610 110403915
Drug tolerance 23.26 18.25 27 33747 16558 110538967
Neuromuscular block prolonged 23.06 18.25 10 33764 1237 110554288
Gait disturbance 22.75 18.25 31 33743 278177 110277348
Dry skin 22.71 18.25 3 33771 107650 110447875
Brain injury 22.44 18.25 24 33750 13452 110542073
Diastolic hypotension 22.42 18.25 7 33767 341 110555184
Wheezing 22.36 18.25 27 33747 255203 110300322
Anaesthetic complication pulmonary 22.28 18.25 6 33768 172 110555353
Brief psychotic disorder with marked stressors 22.19 18.25 7 33767 353 110555172
Symptom masked 21.97 18.25 11 33763 1884 110553641
Lung disorder 21.86 18.25 14 33760 180033 110375492
Dyspepsia 21.65 18.25 16 33758 190949 110364576
Increased bronchial secretion 21.54 18.25 14 33760 3934 110551591
Chorea 21.49 18.25 13 33761 3222 110552303
Disease progression 21.18 18.25 26 33748 244008 110311517
Suicidal ideation 21.15 18.25 70 33704 93867 110461658
Thrombocytopenia 21.13 18.25 47 33727 348838 110206687
Tidal volume decreased 20.94 18.25 5 33769 87 110555438
Renal infarct 20.91 18.25 13 33761 3382 110552143
Upper respiratory tract infection 20.90 18.25 7 33767 131321 110424204
Circumoral oedema 20.87 18.25 7 33767 429 110555096
Gastrointestinal disorder 20.77 18.25 26 33748 241926 110313599
Influenza 20.73 18.25 13 33761 169088 110386437
Derealisation 20.62 18.25 11 33763 2147 110553378
Neck pain 20.61 18.25 6 33768 123124 110432401
Gait inability 20.47 18.25 8 33766 136368 110419157
Oropharyngeal pain 20.20 18.25 8 33766 135268 110420257
Brain oedema 20.16 18.25 35 33739 31063 110524462
Diastolic hypertension 20.09 18.25 5 33769 104 110555421
Hypercapnic coma 19.73 18.25 7 33767 508 110555017
Incoherent 19.72 18.25 18 33756 8340 110547185
Wound infection 19.62 18.25 3 33771 96462 110459063
Paralysis 19.58 18.25 24 33750 15576 110539949
Urinary retention 19.48 18.25 56 33718 69627 110485898
Pneumothorax 19.43 18.25 37 33737 35248 110520277
Mucocutaneous haemorrhage 19.36 18.25 6 33768 285 110555240
Acute lung injury 19.24 18.25 12 33762 3139 110552386
Accidental poisoning 19.16 18.25 11 33763 2476 110553049
Accidental exposure to product by child 19.08 18.25 12 33762 3186 110552339
Encephalitis 18.98 18.25 26 33748 18813 110536712
Hypersexuality 18.85 18.25 10 33764 1930 110553595
Blood bicarbonate decreased 18.83 18.25 15 33759 5782 110549743
Alcohol abuse 18.73 18.25 14 33760 4915 110550610
Cyanosis 18.67 18.25 33 33741 29708 110525817
Haematochezia 18.66 18.25 6 33768 115518 110440007
Logorrhoea 18.66 18.25 14 33760 4943 110550582
Hypernatraemia 18.55 18.25 25 33749 17808 110537717
Atrial fibrillation 18.36 18.25 26 33748 229616 110325909
Antinuclear antibody positive 18.30 18.25 18 33756 9150 110546375
Sudden infant death syndrome 18.29 18.25 6 33768 343 110555182

FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (Pediatric)

None

Pharmacologic Action:

SourceCodeDescription
ATC N01AX03 NERVOUS SYSTEM
ANESTHETICS
ANESTHETICS, GENERAL
Other general anesthetics
MeSH PA D000700 Analgesics
MeSH PA D000777 Anesthetics
MeSH PA D000778 Anesthetics, Dissociative
MeSH PA D002492 Central Nervous System Depressants
MeSH PA D018377 Neurotransmitter Agents
MeSH PA D018686 Anesthetics, Intravenous
MeSH PA D018689 Sensory System Agents
MeSH PA D018691 Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists
CHEBI has role CHEBI:22587 antiviral agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35469 antidepressant
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35474 anxiolytic drug
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35476 antipsychotic agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35480 analgesic
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35554 cardiovascular drug
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35610 antineoplastic agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35623 anticonvulsant
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35703 xenobiotic
CHEBI has role CHEBI:35705 immunosuppressive agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:38877 intravenous anaesthetic
CHEBI has role CHEBI:48407 antiparkinson drug
CHEBI has role CHEBI:50910 neurotoxin
CHEBI has role CHEBI:60643 NMDA receptor antagonist
CHEBI has role CHEBI:63726 neuroprotective agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:66981 ophthalmology drug
CHEBI has role CHEBI:73336 vulnerary
CHEBI has role CHEBI:74518 anti-obesity agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:75835 anti-anaemic agent
CHEBI has role CHEBI:78298 environmental contaminant
FDA EPC N0000175681 General Anesthetic
FDA PE N0000175975 General Anesthesia
CHEBI has role CHEBI:50779 appetite enhancer

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N01AX Other general anesthetics 8 drugs
alfaxaloneesketamineetomidatenitrous oxidepropanididpropofolsodium oxybatexenon

Drug Use | Suggest Off label Use Form| |View source of the data|

DiseaseRelationSNOMED_IDDOID
General anesthesia indication 50697003
Local anesthesia indication 386761002
Pain off-label use 22253000
Inflammatory disease of mucous membrane off-label use 95361005
Major depressive disorder off-label use 370143000
Delirium contraindication 2776000
Ocular hypertension contraindication 4210003 DOID:9282
Alcoholism contraindication 7200002
Myocardial infarction contraindication 22298006 DOID:5844
Alcohol intoxication contraindication 25702006
Hypertensive disorder contraindication 38341003 DOID:10763
Decreased respiratory function contraindication 80954004
Thyrotoxicosis contraindication 90739004 DOID:7997
Acute disease of cardiovascular system contraindication 128487001
Decompensated cardiac failure contraindication 195111005
Cerebrovascular accident contraindication 230690007
Raised intracranial pressure contraindication 271719001 DOID:9428
Cerebral trauma contraindication 275382005
Impaired cognition contraindication 386806002
Myocardial ischemia contraindication 414795007 DOID:3393
Hypertensive urgency contraindication 443482000
Psychiatric Disturbance contraindication
Cardiac Decompensation contraindication




🐶 Veterinary Drug Use

SpeciesUseRelation
Cats Restraint Indication
Cats Anesthesia in diagnostic or minor surgical procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation Indication
Primates Restraint Indication
Primates Anesthesia in diagnostic or minor surgical procedures that do not require skeletal muscle relaxation Indication

🐶 Veterinary products

ProductApplicantIngredients
Ketaset Zoetis Inc. 1
Ketaset, Vetalar Boehringer lngelheim Animal Health USA Inc. 1
Ketaset Plus Zoetis Inc. 3
Ketamine Hydrochloride Injection Cronus Pharma Specialities India Private Limited 1
Ketamine Hydrochloride Injection, USP Elanco US Inc. 1
VetaKet Akorn Animal Health Inc. 1
Ketamine Hydrochloride Injection, USP Dechra Veterinary Products LLC 1
Ketamine HCL Mylan Institutional LLC, a Viatris Company 1

Acid dissociation constants calculated using MoKa v3.0.0

Dissociation levelDissociation constantType (acidic/basic)
pKa1 7.65 Basic

Orange Book patent data (new drug applications)

None

Orange Book exclusivity data (new drug applications)

None

Bioactivity Summary:

TargetClassPharosUniProtActionTypeActivity value
(-log[M])		Mechanism
action		Bioact sourceMoA source
Glutamate [NMDA] receptor Ion channel BLOCKER Ki 6.38 CHEMBL CHEMBL
Glutamate receptor ionotropic AMPA Ion channel OPENER SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
Acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha Ion channel IC50 5.31 CHEMBL
Glutamate NMDA receptor Ion channel IC50 6.21 CHEMBL

External reference:

IDSource
4019796 VUID
N0000147885 NUI
D00711 KEGG_DRUG
1867-66-9 SECONDARY_CAS_RN
4018154 VANDF
4019796 VANDF
C0022614 UMLSCUI
CHEBI:6121 CHEBI
CHEMBL742 ChEMBL_ID
DB01221 DRUGBANK_ID
CHEMBL1714 ChEMBL_ID
D007649 MESH_DESCRIPTOR_UI
3821 PUBCHEM_CID
4233 IUPHAR_LIGAND_ID
2156 INN_ID
690G0D6V8H UNII
203184 RXNORM
4944 MMSL
9883 MMSL
d00272 MMSL
001403 NDDF
004581 NDDF
31706007 SNOMEDCT_US
333847008 SNOMEDCT_US
373464007 SNOMEDCT_US

Pharmaceutical products:

ProductCategoryIngredientsNDCFormQuantityRouteMarketingLabel
Ketamine Hydrochloride HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0143-9508 INJECTION 50 mg INTRAMUSCULAR ANDA 27 sections
Ketamine Hydrochloride HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0143-9509 INJECTION 100 mg INTRAMUSCULAR ANDA 27 sections
KETALAR HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0404-9880 INJECTION 10 mg INTRAVENOUS NDA 19 sections
KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0404-9881 INJECTION, SOLUTION, CONCENTRATE 100 mg INTRAMUSCULAR ANDA 19 sections
KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0404-9881 INJECTION, SOLUTION, CONCENTRATE 100 mg INTRAMUSCULAR ANDA 19 sections
KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0404-9882 INJECTION, SOLUTION, CONCENTRATE 50 mg INTRAMUSCULAR ANDA 14 sections
KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0404-9882 INJECTION, SOLUTION, CONCENTRATE 50 mg INTRAMUSCULAR ANDA 14 sections
Ketamine Hydrochloride HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0409-2051 INJECTION, SOLUTION, CONCENTRATE 100 mg INTRAMUSCULAR ANDA 32 sections
Ketamine Hydrochloride HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 0409-2053 INJECTION, SOLUTION, CONCENTRATE 50 mg INTRAMUSCULAR ANDA 32 sections
Ketamine Hydrochloride HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 25021-682 INJECTION, SOLUTION 10 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 31 sections
Ketamine Hydrochloride HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 25021-683 INJECTION, SOLUTION 50 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 31 sections
Ketamine Hydrochloride HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 25021-684 INJECTION, SOLUTION 100 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 31 sections
Ketalar HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 42023-113 INJECTION 10 mg INTRAMUSCULAR NDA 27 sections
Ketalar HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 42023-113 INJECTION 10 mg INTRAMUSCULAR NDA 27 sections
Ketalar HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 42023-114 INJECTION 50 mg INTRAMUSCULAR NDA 27 sections
Ketalar HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 42023-114 INJECTION 50 mg INTRAMUSCULAR NDA 27 sections
Ketalar HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 42023-115 INJECTION 100 mg INTRAMUSCULAR NDA 27 sections
Ketalar HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 42023-115 INJECTION 100 mg INTRAMUSCULAR NDA 27 sections
KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 43066-177 INJECTION 10 mg INTRAMUSCULAR ANDA 29 sections
Ketamine Hydrochloride HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 54868-4399 INJECTION, SOLUTION, CONCENTRATE 50 mg INTRAMUSCULAR ANDA 19 sections
KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Human Prescription Drug Label 1 55150-438 INJECTION 10 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 29 sections
KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Human Prescription Drug Label 1 55150-438 INJECTION 10 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 29 sections
KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Human Prescription Drug Label 1 55150-439 INJECTION 50 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 29 sections
KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Human Prescription Drug Label 1 55150-439 INJECTION 50 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 29 sections
KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Human Prescription Drug Label 1 55150-440 INJECTION 100 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 29 sections
KETAMINE HYDROCHLORIDE Human Prescription Drug Label 1 55150-440 INJECTION 100 mg INTRAVENOUS ANDA 29 sections
ketamine hydrochloride HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 65219-184 INJECTION 10 mg INTRAMUSCULAR ANDA 30 sections
ketamine hydrochloride HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 65219-186 INJECTION 100 mg INTRAMUSCULAR ANDA 30 sections
ketamine hydrochloride HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 65219-186 INJECTION 100 mg INTRAMUSCULAR ANDA 30 sections
ketamine hydrochloride HUMAN PRESCRIPTION DRUG LABEL 1 65219-188 INJECTION 50 mg INTRAMUSCULAR ANDA 30 sections